Leningrad Oblast

Leningrad Oblast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leningrad Oblast is bordered by Finland in the northwest, Estonia in the west, ... The territory of present-day Leningrad Oblast was populated shortly after the ...
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Leningrad Oblast travel guide - Wikitravel
Open source travel guide to Leningrad Oblast, featuring up-to-date information ... Leningrad Oblast is a region of Northwestern Russia named for its principal city, ...
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MTP - Leningrad Oblast
Most Traveled People ... Leningrad Oblast is bordered by Finland in the ... The territory of present-day Leningrad Oblast was populated shortly after the ...
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The Leningrad Oblast
The Leningrad Oblast is located in the Northwest Economic Region of Russia, in ... The city of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast have had a violent history. ...
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Category:Leningrad Oblast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Category:Leningrad Oblast. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ... List of the butterflies of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast. Lokhaniemi. Luga Bay ...
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Category:Leningrad Oblast - Wikimedia Commons
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Category:Leningrad Oblast - Wikimedia Commons
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Leningrad -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Leningrad:The Catherine Palace in Pushkin, Leningrad oblast, Russia.© Goodshoot/Jupiterimagesoblast (province) ...
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Leningrad Oblast
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Leningrad Military District
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{{Infobox Russian federal subject|EnglishName=Leningrad Oblast|RussianName=Ленинградская область|LocatorMap=RussiaLeningradOblast2007-07.svg|LocatorMapLegend=Location of Leningrad Oblast in Russia|CoatOfArms=Coat of arms of Leningrad Oblast.svg|CoatOfArmsLink=Coat of arms of Leningrad Oblast|AnthemLink=None|AdmCtrOrCapital=Administrative center|AdmCtrName=[Saint Petersburg (administratively separate)], 1927|EconomicRegion=[Northwestern economic region|CodeNumber=47|Area=84500|AreaRank=38th|Population=1669205|PopulationRank=28th|UrbanPopulation=66.4%|RuralPopulation=33.6%|LangLangs|LangList=Russian language|HeadTitle=Governor of Leningrad Oblast|HeadName=Valery Serdyukov|ConstitutionType=Charter|ConstitutionName=[Charter of Leningrad Oblast of [Russia (an oblast). It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1945 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position. The oblast was named after the city of Saint PetersburgA previous name of Saint Petersburg in 1924–1991 in honor of Vladimir Lenin). Leningrad Oblast retained its name in 1991 after a referendum, while its namesake city was renamed back to Saint Petersburg. The administrative center of the oblast is Saint Petersburg, although it constitutes a separate federal subject (a federal cities of Russia) and is administratively separate from the oblast. The first governor of Leningrad Oblast was Vadim Gustov. Since 1999 he has been succeeded by Valery Serdyukov.

Leningrad Oblast is bordered by Finland in the northwest, Estonia in the west, as well as five federal subjects of Russia: Republic of Karelia in the northeast, Vologda Oblast in the east, Novgorod Oblast in the south, Pskov Oblast in the southwest, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg it surrounds.

The oblast has an area of 84,500 km² and a population 1,669,205 (as of the Russian Census (2002)); up from 1,661,173 recorded in the Soviet Census (1989). The most populous town of the oblast is Gatchina, with 88,659 inhabitants (as of the 2002 Census).

History

The territory of present-day Leningrad Oblast was populated shortly after the end of the Weichsel glaciation and hosts numerous archaeological remnants.Лапшин В. А. Археологическая карта Ленинградской области. Часть 1: Западные районы. Leningrad, 1990.Лапшин В. А. Археологическая карта Ленинградской области. Часть 2: Восточные и северные районы. Saint Petersburg: Изд. СПбГУ, 1995. ISBN 5874030522.Лебедев Г. С. Археологические памятники Ленинградской области. Leningrad: Лениздат, 1977. The Volga trade route and trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks crossed the territory. Staraya Ladoga, the first capital of legendary Rurik, founded in the 8th-9th century, is situated in the east of the oblast, on the River Volkhov.

In the 12th-15th century the territory was divided between the Kingdom of Sweden and Novgorod Republic (see Swedish-Novgorodian Wars) and mostly populated by Karelians (northwest), Izhorians and Votes (west), Veps (east) and Novgorodian East Slavs (south). During the Russo-Swedish Wars of the 15th-17th centuries the border moved back and forth over the land.

The central part of the territory is known as the historical region of Ingria and in the 17th century, after most of the present-day territory of Leningrad Oblast was once again gained by Sweden with the Treaty of Stolbovo of 1617, became subject to substantial Finnish Lutheran population influx from Finnish Karelia (which included Karelian Isthmus, the northwestern part of present-day Leningrad Oblast) and Savonia. Ingrian Finns soon became the dominant ethnic group.

During the Great Northern War (1700-1721) the territory of Leningrad Oblast was captured from Sweden by Russia under Peter I of Russia, who founded Saint Petersburg amidst the land in 1703, which soon became the capital of the Russian Empire. In 1708 most of the territory was organized into the Ingermanland Governorate under Governor General Alexander Menshikov. It was renamed Saint Petersburg Governorate in 1710 (Borders of the governorate, however, differed very significantly from those of the present-day oblast). In 1721 the territorial concessions of Sweden were confirmed with the Treaty of Nystad. The life of the province was greatly influenced by the vicinity of the imperial capital, which became a growing market for its agricultural production as well as the main consumer of its mineral and forest resources.

In 1719-1810, Ladoga Canal was dug between the River Svir and the River Neva as part of the Volga-Baltic waterway to bypass stormy waters of Lake Ladoga.

Since the advent of the rail transport in the late 19th century, the vicinity of Saint Petersburg has been a popular summer resort (dacha) place for its residents.

In 1914 the governorate was renamed Petrograd Governorate after its namesake city. In 1918 the capital was transferred from Petrograd (how Saint Petersburg came to be named in 1914) to Moscow.

In 1918-1920 Ingrian Finns of North Ingria attempted to secede, but were incorporated back with the Treaty of Tartu.

In 1924 the governorate was renamed to Leningrad Governorate, again after its namesake city. In 1927 Leningrad Oblast was created as a discontinuous merger of the Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Cherepovets and Murmansk Governorates, corresponding to the territories of modern Leningrad Oblast, Saint Petersburg, Murmansk Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast and parts of Vologda Oblast.

Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) was administratively separated from Leningrad Oblast in 1931.

Starting from the 1930s, the Soviet authorities caried out population transfer in the Soviet Union of the Ingrian Finnish population of the oblast, which constituted majority in many rural localities as late as in the beginning of the centurty, to the east, replacing them with people from other parts of the Soviet Union.

Vologda Oblast, which includes the former Cherepovets Governorate, was created in 1937. Murmansk Oblast was excluded from Leningrad Oblast in 1938.

On November 30, 1939, the Soviet Union waged the Winter War against neighboring Finland and with the Moscow Peace Treaty in 1940 gained some territories, including Karelian Isthmus. Their Karelian population was evacuation of Finnish Karelia to inner Finland and later replaced with people from other parts of the Soviet Union. A small part of the territory was incorporated into Leningrad Oblast in 1940, the rest being included within the Karelo-Finnish SSR.

In 1941 Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in the Operation Barbarossa, and the territory became place of the Battle of Leningrad. Wehrmacht captured the southwestern part of the oblast, while Finnish troops recaptured the ceded territories in the Continuation War, encircling Leningrad from the land. In 1944 a Soviet offensive managed to expel Wehrmacht and fourth strategic offensive on Finland, which ceded Karelian Isthmus again with the Moscow Armistice of September 191944. This time most of the isthmus was incorporated within Leningrad Oblast (Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast and Priozersky Districts). In 1947 the territorial gains were confirmed with the Paris Peace Treaty.

In 1944 Novgorod Oblast and Pskov Oblasts were formed out of the southern parts of Leningrad Oblast. In January 1945 a small part of the Estonian SSR to the east of the River Narva with the town of Jaanilinn (now Ivangorod) was transferred to the Russian SFSR and incorporated into Leningrad Oblast. Since then, the territory of Leningrad Oblast hasn't changed much, although some suburbs of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) have been excluded from the oblast and incorporated into the city.

Geography Time zone

Leningrad Oblast is located in the Moscow Time (MSK/MSD). Coordinated Universal Time offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

Administrative divisions Demographics Population: (2002) 1,669,205.For the first half of 2007, the birth rate was 8.1 per 1000

Ethnic groups: According to the (Russian Census (2002)) there were thirteen recognised ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each; the 'national composition' was • Russians 89.58% • Ukrainians 2.51% • Belarusians 1.70% • Tatars 0.57% • Ingrian Finns 0.48% • Armenians 0.33% • Roma people 0.27 • Azeris in Russia 0.23% • Chuvash 0.17% • Ethnic German 0.14% • Mordvins 0.13% • Karelians 0.12% • Veps 0.12% • Moldovans 0.12% • Jews 0.10% • Poles 0.10% • Georgian people 0.09% • Estonians 0.08% • Bashkirs 0.07% • Koryo-saram 0.06% • Uzbeks 0.06% • Mari people 0.06% • Udmurts 0.06% • Tajiks 0.05% • Kazakhs 0.05% and many other ethnic groups of less than eight hundred persons each. • A further 2.34% of residents declined to state their nationality on the census questionnaire.

Twin regions

Nordland, Norway from 1987